HomeMy WebLinkAbout13.A.1. Presentation of CR 101/First Avenue Project and Design Alternatives
CITY OF SHAKOPEE /3. fl.).
Memorandum
TO: Mayor & City Council
Mark McNeill, City Administrator
FROM: Bruce Loney, Public Works Director
SUBJECT: Presentation of C.R. 101/First Avenue Project Update
DATE: March 16,2010
INTRODUCTION:
Scott County Highway Department staff and its consultant will be making a presentation
of the C.R. 101 project and design alternatives.
BACKGROUND:
The C.R. 101 project is being designed by Bolton & Menk, Inc. and Hoisington, Koelger
Group in conjunction with Scott County Highway staff. Several long term concepts have
been developed and presented at an open house on January 11,2010. Recently on March
4,2010, two design alternatives have been presented to the Citizen Advisory Committee
(CAC). A presentation of the two design alternative for the short term improvement will
be presented to the full Council. The two designs include a five-lane roadway with
access closures and a four-lane with a median for most of C.R. 101 except at certain
street locations. The consultant will present the design options and pros and cons of each
option.
AL TERNA TIVES:
1. Provide Council feedback and comments on the design options.
2. Table comments for more information.
RECOMMENDATION:
Staff would recommend Alternative No.1.
ACTION REOUESTED:
Provide Council feedback and comments on the C.R. 101 design options to Scott County.
!!:fo1:tf
Public Works Director
ENGR/2009-PROJECTS/2009-COUNCIL/C.R.IOI-RECONSTRUCTIONIDESIGN-QPTIONS
~- - ---~ - --- ~ ~- .- ------ - -- --~ -- --- ._-~---- --_.~- -----------
.
.
. ...... - . ~~.~" ~r ~ ~
"' .. ~ A~"'r~ ~
... ........ -". ...".
~ ~....... I ' . ~~
~ ... ...~...~...- Cb~. I _....::~~...
~.. ... ";~~J .........- ..~ ~'.~"
.. ~. -- ...
,... ~ --~. -
" "f ! - .. -.... - ... _... ...
" ..' -. ... :" 0 ,
"'" .. ....... _ .'~ I . f
'- ..., C-
...... . I'" .
..., ~ j ~...... r:r-"'T'
t ....... _....~.I.....oI
r - 1W:.: --., ~~ - i- L ~ ~
1r..J ....... ~.~,.jl '*' ~
_ ~ .. - ..... " ~~ "~ r ~ .,
, -"'I. . ;-< . ~ ....,. ,.
... 1""JL ......... ~ ) ........ '
t.l . .t:."IoL..... . - - ...
':J a ~ il;.Il.o.l ..>Jo'''' '-- X~J~" ---v>C.J~.....S~C~~O'..".l.tt.1l1.€~O., ...tJ fl..t.1'""'ty' 1.~ ;;:.~.-::~~: ~~ ~
rl '\. '~~ ~. ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ 'I, '\..., ~ ~ I I "
~ Pli I i.o.. I -
Jag, I, I II Cl I - -
~ ~ rJ _ D" I I,.. . . -., ".
. . __ __ I: S"'.::.' _I I ~ q . I!i ..;J [j ~ ~ r~.., I ~ ~4i...' i .a..
~~ ..,...,;?-.- ':? ~~--;-.:j ~ I II ~ c:o:;;:;: - I~ .. iI ~~ l
~;=~~;; ~~~ --:~~~~. ...==-<i~~M.{~J~ $.bla~~e.~ Jjf1.'l {." ~~ _ ~ .~
~ ""'WI"" ... 1IlI~!l.i. ~ ~~~..... ......,... _." .....-__;,;;;.;;;;I~"":': _-....... .h .,..4. ~ _ ,~ , -.--_ .lI'I - ... _ -- -- -~
, _ _..2} !!I. : .~~~-\;.::...A...~~:.b...,a....~.,.. M" , ,...., '. _ _ ~..' .., "'-. ~.c- ,.,.....~... --~J:- "". -'":l'O
'!.:ll""~':.-c'<.".,~~::-" -~~... ~I~~"~wfl."'-" ,;.~ 7.:I!i-;;'~~~~"''''g''--:--~ ~""'f' "~'~,.......'''' ....I~ ..r'#..__ ""............=~~"'A'"".i..~J.os! ....:..
"1- "" . C 'B '01 ""., _ _" ="'~~.. .c::.... '~.' ~ ilIli '~.'S' '~. ""')j ,.,..,,' ..... OJ.~' .. ",,-v
~.':o""....~..f.;~)~~..:~.... ."c. iO. '.' ~IJ. n. .". .:~,~~~.:.. ~.. .... .I'g:',; :wa'J~l~ -:;.~ ~ ~. :'! ~ :--,;, :.."'~"'~ \01 1/-. -e~R..o: :1]..&..- .~:::s:
. ."t;.,.J~1.,""~"'1 ... .-~~Y;"~' ..~;l ~~7-" . '~'t.~.-:;;;t~11l Q " _. -- -----' ~ .Il...1!3 ~:.tm_.~.
,,:;:,1; '~...,......~1:'.l.:..~~.n...~;. ~~ \g:'1IlI"Ili I!l ~ II~~..~ ""lI"'1Il"" '. ~
";'~";";:""Il$~~~;" ~1b-~!lI.oo-~...... Ell II! , :;..........---- -- .. ~ -r",-, --..
~~Infrastitictufe--R-e.ptaeenie nt profect'"-
~---- - -
a ,.,-- ~........ _,-
y~ .IIa~ ~-r J1:..:@-l;-~ ~ -- ..'~
,,-- ~e ~11J E'I~~ II - . l"t.-W - / 'oil
..--- ~un ilJa ~ll . or;./' ~
___ a- ~ un fir Q... 0 l;i , ; ,
~ ..~!Ig It 0" v, u~ C ~ q, O~l- . ~ IIIlJ' . 4 ..
.. Ii' 1l~i:P ~f)~;;rQ ~ ~ t} ~~ ~ ~-.'.
II ill/ [I i:" III ~ ~'~ u ,,~~\ ~ ~III , ,~ ~ {Jllh ~ . ~ "0 ~
a ID a 0"" l:lpp .~ . '-.r1.~ I ~~ - C ~ fltjl'l . . .
D "t. rJlo J, rf& ~:1 '\) Q~ n "
''! · ""~. " :!i, ".t~ ." !"!: J" "!"Ai. ~ .", "..Y · ..
tI ~ tEa ~ >>a ~r.lL4: <<a B .''1' 'I 'f/ ~ DBa\') JPI. 16.10.
~ tfl rt., r:o: ~~g: ~>:J "' g -lll)~~ltt~~~' i~~ d':~ ~2tt? ~:t,,'. March 16 2010 ~11!!J.. Tf:(
I/'J ""{.. D' ~!t .p I;l ? ~ J ~~-:.
Q ~ 1;1:1 , E1. ~ -"l IlII1l1 ..,. .. .-4
II r(.i lI:I n ... rI WT . . "
. )
~
~
Purpose of Tonight's Presentation -
~ . 10
· Present 2011 Project Alternatives
- Review Problem Statement
- Review Goals and Benchmarks
· Compare and Contrast Project Alternatives
- Provide information for Council consideration
· Council Input to City and County Staff
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
I
,-----_____ _.___________n____.______.___.___n ____n ._____,_ __'___ __ ______ _______ ________.____._ ..._____. ____n ___
. J
Problem Statement
County Highway 101 is a minor arterial roadway ~
providing a significant regional transportation
connection across the Minnesota River,
connecting Carver and Scott Counties, in a
steadily growing region of the southwest metro
area.. . --{
r
!
i
'",.,~l,
~1; " .. 1,
::;: ::i ::;.- . ~
L .~'" ~'- -i. la-
~-" ,''--.,:::-~- ...~ ~ ". .....
.:.t"j" - - .' ~<-_. --. ~-.- '. --- ~- "'. ....
" --:;'Jr --~~..->'..~ . _ ~~ -
, . >,:J ~ ~. C:' \l!I --, 'C"'-,'" .~ - :- .. , ~ - < ~.",~.;,.'~,,"
County Highway 1 01 Infrastructure Replacement Study ,*:~ ~~ ~:~:.::i i~:i*. .. .: ..~, ~~':;~
- _____________u___n______________"___________________n__u____________ ___ u____ - --- ---- --- ------
,
-
":.
Problem Statement -
. . .Along with serving regional transportation
demands, County Highway 101 is a multi-
functional transportation corridor serving as a
gateway to local business, residential and
recreational users...
~
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
-~~-~ ------ ---- .~ - -- --- - ------- -- ~-
, ,
i Problem Statement -
.. .In its current configuration, County Highway 101
will likely reach a point in the next decade .when
congestion will be so great that excessive corridor
delays will occur during busy morning and evening
travel periods of the day...
f.
~.
..,
.~
is'
~
.....-
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
----------------------------- -
.
Problem Statement
. . . The lack of transportation performance will likely I
have a negative impact on adjacent land uses and
the economic competitiveness of the 1 sf A venue
District and surrounding region.
I - I
I
I
.
I
t,
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
-~-- - -----_._--_....__..._~._- ------ --- --.- ---~- ------ .----. ----.--. ---.- ----- .-- -- -
Goals and Benchmarks
Goal 1 : Maintain acceptable traffic operations
on CSAH 101 in order to serve regional
travel in the southwest metro under future
travel demands.
- Benchmark 1.1: Design and construct roadway
improvements for 30 mph travel.
- Benchmark 1.2: Achieve average motorist delay
equivalent to Level of Service (LOS) D or better
during the peak travel periods.
>- Travel speed, travel time, primary intersection delays
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
.
.
Goals and Benchmarks ...
"-
~
~
Goal 2: Maintain acceptable traffic safety on ,
CSAH 101 under future travel demands.
- Benchmark 2.1: Maintain average crash rates at
or below existing crash rate of 4.5 crashes per
million vehicle miles travelled.
- Benchmark 2.2: Maintain average motorist
delay at secondary intersections and driveways
of 35 seconds or less during peak travel periods.
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
,_________________________________.__n__ ________________"__________ _________ ____ ________ __n____ _ ___ ___ -- - --- - -
.
I Goals and Benchmarks 4
Goal 3: Maintain or enhance local mobility and
accessibility in order to promote business I
I
I
activity within the corridor under currfjJnt and
future travel demands.
- Benchmark 3.1: Maintain average motorist
delay at secondary intersections and driveways
of 35 seconds or less during peak travel periods
and at primary intersections of 55 seconds or
less during peak travel periods.
- Benchmark 3.2: Establish primary intersection
locations that promote connectivity of the area
with other local collector streets.
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
.
-- ._-~.----~-----.----'- ------- -~-------_.~---~_._.- -._-_.~---- -------- ~--'-- ~ -----~ .---
.
Goals and Benchmarks
....
Goal 4: Enhance mobility for non-motorized
travelers within the corridor and connectivity to I
destinations such as 1st A venue businesses, I
I
recreational areas along the Minnesota River,
and old bridge across the river. I
I
- Benchmark 4.1: Provide continuous sidewalks
along both sides of roadway with minimum of six
feet of separation from roadway traffic and
landscape buffer along parking lots.
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
.
-
Goals and Benchmarks -
..
-
- Benchmark 4.2: Accommodate bicycle travel
paralleling roadway between 2nd Avenue and Bluff
Avenue.
- Benchmark 4.3: Provide pedestrian-scale lighting.
- Benchmark 4.4: Establish marked pedestrian
crossings at appropriate intervals and at strategic
locations that:
~ Provide Clear Visibility for Pedestrian and Motorist
>-Raise Motorists' Awareness of Pedestrian Activity
~ Encourage Crossing and Pedestrian Vigilance
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
- -------------- ---~-- -------- -----' -------- ----- ------- ------ ---- -----
Goals and Benchmarks #'"
Goal 5: Implement urban design elements that
build driver awareness of the urban
environment and communicate the identity of
community.
- Benchmark 5.1: Apply design elements that
encourage urban travel speeds.
- Benchmark 5.2: Provide areas to include unique
gateway features, corridor landscaping, signature
streetscape features, and community signage.
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
,
---.-------> .-------- --------- -. .--'--- -.-------- -------.- -.----, ----------- '---.- - .--._._----~--_. -..-----
,
Goals and Benchmarks - I
I
Goal 6 - Achieve a roadway improvement project
that sustains the interdependence of
communities in northern Scott County, eastern
Carver County and southern Hennepin County.
- Benchmark 6.1: Connectivity between large
residential sectors and employment concentrations
are maintained or enhanced with the improvements
on CSAH 101.
- Benchmark 6.2: Accessibility to regional
educational and recreational attractions is
maintained or enhanced.
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
,-----'_~___~______~___ _________ - __ ___________~______ _________~__ ____________________ _____~___________n_____ _______________n___ _ _________ ________________n________ I
, I
~
2011 Project Recommendations ~
~
,
-
Based upon: .
· City and County planning and engineering staff input
.
· Consultant Findings related to
- Transportation Function
- Land Use and Economic Competiveness
- Community Identity and Features
· Corridor Advisory Committee Input since June 2009
· Public Information Meeting Comments
· Achieving Project Goals and Benchmarks
· City Council and County Board Input
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
----~---'- - ._-----~------_._---------_.~----_._-----------~-------~-_._-------------- -
.
I 2011 Project Recommendations
.'
Include:
· Reconstruction of roadway and utilities between
Fillmore Street and Marschall Road (CSAH 17)
· 60' wide roadway within existing 80' right-of-way
- 4-8 boulevard with 6' sidewalk on both sides
- Sidewalk easements at select locations to achieve 8'
boulevard
· Improve Intersection Capacity at CH 101/17 I
I
(Marschall Road/1st Avenue) I
I
,
I
I
I
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
,-------------- --- - - --- - - - - -- -~ - - - - - --- ~ -- - -
"
I 2011 Project Recommendations
..
.
I
i Alternative Approach #1 :
. 5-lane undivided roadway with private driveway removal
- Removal of up to 25 private driveways (of 41 total)
. Mid-term installation of median to mitigate safety and
capacity limitations
. Mid to Long-term relocation of traffic signal at 1 st Avenue
Downtown to Spencer Street
- Maintains all movements into downtown
- Recognize Spencer Street as major collector
- Change would occur when necessary and traffic conditions
justify
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
.~
I 201 1 Project Recommendations
I
...
.
Alternative Approach #1 : 2011. Project
.~ _ ........."W__~ _ _ _ _~, .. .-..... '" ""'-- ..Y.
._....... .. ,-........"._,..,_,..."._v. -~
--~--- ------ - -~ ',- -- ~------~_._-------
I
201 1 Project Recommendations - 1
~
I
~
-~
Alternative Approach #1 : Mid-Term Median Install
-
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
. ,
..
2011 Project Recommendations ~
Alternative Approach # 2:
· 4-lane divided roadway with less private driveway removal I
- Median opening at Spencer Street, Market Street and
I Naumkeag Street
I
I - Removal of 9 private driveways (of 41 total)
1
· Mid to Long-term relocation of traffic signal at 1 st Avenue
Downtown to Spencer Street
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
---- - ------ ---------- - ------- --- ~--------- ------
.
~
201 1 Project Recommendations -
Alternative Approach #2: 2011 Project I
i
.-'_' CL.'O' ~-' ,J< - ~, ..-- "",. ..:. ~- ~ ~'. .-.- ~ " ,,'--,-~ - ,-,' ,-- .-' .. -"-. "-"
I
.
. .
\
201 1 Project Recommendations ~
~
i
"'
Both Alternatives: Mid to Long Te~m Signal Relocate
)lIt. --.-- - - ..."""'],jj,oo--;'" -:;{ ~
.. - "" tf"f"'t. .*~. I
, ". ~ ,~, .'.. ~ I
I .1
I 'IJ.. ....
.....L.."_ --
"
I
! I
I
I
~ I
I
)3'- r
13' _ -al
,.j
.1 . .,
j - .
.. l
~ \}
Ii, p.
. ----..-...... =
, - - ~'- -~~~
------_.~-~--~-- ,-~---------- ------------ -- ---.------..- -- --------------. ------ - ---.-.--- ---
~
2011 Project Recommendations .. !
Compare: I
I
- [
-
Both Alternatives provide opportunity for:
· Design for 30 mph (Benchmark 1.1)
· Sidewalks along both sides (Benchmark 4.1)
· Pedestrian-scale lighting (Benchmark 4.3)
· Pedestrian crossings at Fillmore, Market,
Naumkeag Streets (Benchmark 4.4) ....
· Narrower travel lane widths
· Capacity and safety improvement over existing
conditions
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
,
------.. - -- - -- --- --
2011 Project Recommendations
Compare: ~
Neither Alternative provides opportunity for:
· Long-term sustainability (20-50 years) -
- Capacity limitation of 30,000 to 35,000 vehicles
per day
· Access spacing consistent with guidelines for a
Minor Arterial roadway
· A minimum 6' separation between travel lanes
and sidewalks (Benchmark 4.1)
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
~- ---- --- ~_._- -- ---"- --- --- --- -- --- -- - ---- -- -- - - -
2011 Project Recommendations ...
Contrast:
I
Median Alternative has higher probability of:
· Maintaining acceptable motorist delay during
peak hours (Benchmarks 1.2 and 2.2)
· Maintaining acceptable crash rates (Benchmark 2.1) I
· Lowering exposure of pedestrians to vehicular
traffic (Benchmark 4.4)
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
~______m________ _____m__ _ __m__~_________m.m_ ______________ ______ _______~ _________ ____m__m_______ -- ,
. I
.. i
2011 Project Recommendations
Contrast: ~
Variables affecting crash rates I
· Number of access points (per mile) -
- Time between driver decisions I
· Type of Access (number of conflict points) I
I
I
- Complexity of driver decisions
I
- Protection of turning vehicles I
!
I
· Exposure (traffic volumes) I
- Probability of crash after bad driver decision I
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
. .
2011 Project Recommendations
.
Contrast: ~
. ...
I
Access Density I Rural Urban I
I
I
- - .. 2-lane Conventional - - .
· Median Alternative results in - -~ 4-lane Conventional
-...._- Expressway .....
total of 3 full intersections, 5 6.0 foAr'!J()...t.,.'I..l,'
--'-
partial intersections, and 32 aJ
-
res
Cl:::
driveways -5 I
~
U f #
· 5-Lane Alternative results in 3 0/ ,---~------?__#_. I I
,. ! ..t. .-# ,---- , . ---
,
total of 8 full intersections and - .-~..... I
! .-....7
r:..-
as few as 16 driveways I I-
I ~~
... ::1.._
.. ~ .
. 8 28
0.0 I
15 30 4.')
Access Density
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
- ------------------'----------- -- --- ----,----------,-------~-----------------------'---------------------------------------
- .
2011 Project Recommendations
Contrast: ,
.
Vehicle Conflict Points ~ -
· Median Alternative results
in total of 192 conflict
points, reduction of 700/0
of existing conditions
· 5-Lane Alternative results . .)J ~ ~i:~~~~~L1t ~
in 280 to 666 conflict
points, depending on level :::)Tr(~ ..
of driveway removal
achieved ' ,'- ",c.', .. '.
..'/<~:YPical Crdsh ~ate
" ;.' .'" ;; (O'a.~hes per nlll.
. X'i~ ",,:' erirg vehlck!s) ,
--' ..,'-, ~.~~~ ".',-
Full Access + 4 12 16 32 0.3 II.
Full Access T 0 3 () <J 0.3 ".
3/4 Access 0 2 8 10 0.2 ,h
I~ighl In/Out Access 0 0 4 4 0.1 oJ,
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
--------~._--------- ---- ___ _~_____ - ___ _______ - _______ _____ - ______ __ _n__________ __ _____________ ___ _ _ __ ____ ____ __ ___ _______ i
- , I
- I
2011 Project Recommendations
Contrast:
Median Alternative has higher probability of:
. Promoting business activity (Benchmarks 3.1)
Studies in Florida, Kansas, Iowa, Minnesota, and Texas
~ 86% of business' reported the same or increased sales after access
management was implemented (Iowa Access Management Research and Awareness
Project, 1997)
~ More than 70% of businesses reported no change in property value while
13% reported increases in value after access management was
implemented on a project in Florida (Problem: Roadway Safety vs. Commercial
Development Access, 1989)
~ Property values depend more on the strength of the local economy and
general location of the property in the region; changes in access seem to
have little or no effect on the value of parcels (Long-Term Impacts of Access
Management on Business and Land Development along MN 1-394, 2005)
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
-- ---- -~ --_..__.~ ---- -- ---- -
~ ,
2011 Project Recommendations .
Contrast:
r
Business Driveway Access Target:
· Maintain 51% or greater of the driveway access
into and out of each business site
- Median Alternative results in maintaining 930/0 of
existing business driveway access
~3 business with more than 51% access removed
- 5-Lane Alternative results in maintaining 800/0 of
existing business driveway access
~8 businesses with more than 51% access removed
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
-- - -..---- ._ _.__n__ "
<, .
,-" ..
2011 Project Recommendations -
Contrast:
Median Alternative has higher probability of:
· Establishing primary intersection I~ocations-
(Benchmark 3.2)
- Railroad Crossings
- Connections to 4th Avenue, 1 Qth Avenue, across
USTH 169
- Connection to 2nd Avenue and Bluff Avenue
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
- -- --- ------ --_.-------- --- ---- - ___________n___
, .
2011 Project Recommendations
Contrast: .
Clearly identifying primary intersection locations: I
· Promote connectivity with other local- streets
· Encourage use of existing urban street
infrastructure on Market and Naumkeag Streets
- Market Street Railroad Crossing
- Naumkeag Street Connection to 2nd Avenue I
-Improvements on Bluff Avenue recommended
I
i
between Fillmore and Naumkeag Streets
· Establishes location for advanced traffic control
(if necessary and justified)
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
-----~--------~-------- -- ----------------- -~----------- - -- ------ -->------------------ -------- -- -- -----------
. -
I 2011 Project Recommendations .. ;-
I Contrast:
.
I Median Alternative has higher probability of:
I
..
· Establishing driver awareness of the urban
environment and promoting urban travel speeds
(Benchmarks 5.1 ) I
· Communicating the identity of the community
through corridor landscaping and streetscape
features (Benchmark 5.2) i
I
I
!
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
_'___ - _~____~__.___ '_ ,_____ _____.____.__ ____ _____u____ ________'___ _ __~_,________.__.__________._______ - -------,.-"---
( .
... ''', ~'~"!I~~. ,-"'(, C",'x',..'"" ~
V" w _~ W'~t: . ~{" "'1: "'~ '% l'
i ,~~1~1':.~pr6J~ct:.;>
, :~~C~" ' '.. t 'I ~ ~ t.. ~". " "":ti ., :..fIJ'~ ~i.",,~ ..
on ra s,.~" tj r~~ q, ~ ~~":'~"~:
~ t1: _ _ \'~, f, ~ ~
~ 'i-" ''t.~~'j.l _,' , t;J,~~
~~ ~,J[;i 'tJ ~ - r;({ :)~~ \;
M ed ia n's"', .'. ,1' ," I) it;' "'lilo;; ":~ . <li'~~' tr" " :.: "
. ~ :!'l ;;.;; ~~ I.,;: ~I {\;:'~,
!Ii ,,' <"I;~ ~ ';0 ,,~t >.;; '...", ~. "'f,." ~ %k:~
~ ~
'..
~.
' ~
,~
I;> ~
or.;~
Q ~ ~ ,~ ~ i5i i6l ,:i
" . ~ ,'!'",OJ r~1 ,fJ"" '" 'tt'" J0 .",,'~ ~
~~: j} ~.~ ...;"'; l,~t~ " ',~ ..;, ~:~~~ if&\! iJ!
-. tS.l ~ ., -- " ~ ~
~
~t:" ~ 2.- ~~~ ~-;.
~ ....;:.
.~
L;- ~"~':ol; "'':~
~
~'i~';~
~ ,~\
~ ~t:.~;t:\~
.:,;'~t~~
m~' ,""
~ll'..' "'" .',"
.'$:..~.'.
~~:
-lk
,j>~j
~ ,,) "',,~~:tI': '"' .,.j{~ ~ llJ:;l ~ ,. ,if ,~,,'" ,> ~ ~~"i' ~ " "Ii' ~
~"" ?'f:. ~'t ~ .,..,., ;':' I!~ ti ~ ;; . 'Ji:~ ~\~ I,:,
jc(; i'lJ,,,,,~ I (f:! '1. . ~ ~ i[; '. . .'1 C!,. .,' .~<::i. ~ .U~i . 1t.t1!l..~ ~
~.:.. . ill )< i~ m .. , ,~ _\'~ '1',: ~...->-' ~'X"*". WI
,. '1\ ;: , iIJ'! ~ Il>~" " ., ,<. "" III '" -, " ~.t. 1ll1'J' I"~'"~ .~ ~ ,.~ , . fj~~:,<j:!/Ii,"
". "~'" ~ !'Ii t.l~, ~ '1!l ~ ~, " ~ ... ~ .w.J..
% .... ~,l ~ ~ ~ :; ,.. ,~. ~\'e"'~ ^,," ' ~: ':~:';O'~ ~ :' "w ill!" ,/ ~ 'f ~ . .'dl1i: $ . ~>~:
{ii-! k~f-~ "~ ~ '" ~ ~ ;rt ~ "t;: 'Z!:l~ Iq
,l~ ~... ,::;,jit:,' "" ~ ~;l1 . -' ~ ~ ~j ~r' '(ji~ ~'~
~< ~>.' ~ ~~ ~~ ,ltl.!c ~a w i'~ i" 'J',~ ,'"' ~ ~ ti '''"' '& ~~ .... ':X W ~~ ~ li:. ~' '~
~,~"'",~~~"" !lJu'i>" i,~, ~"".~. II '" ~;,Z.c ,,' ~ "r{j """, o\'i ~,;;' .. :, ".;~ , " ti)" ,,";:' "'~ g("~~ t'~ ~' "' iiIl ,.
>,,,It"lio ;~..:, ., ,_;,-.;-" f:.,y,r- r",: I~~.f r1h~ ~t.G.1; ~ ,," i" ~ ~ (~e ~'~ l1 ~ ,:~~" ,J~ ':); ,~'c ~~ " ~ :i/: ;t, 8,!t\ W!-
~ '>(, ." -,'~ . _" ~ ~. ~'li ,- ~ :1";' ,~If;j." if(~ -IF< ,: i:i~ ,1"! ",.; " _ '*~ l' ~~~,.I>"
\lo i<I' 'll o' '" ;a. ,,'~. &' f
'ij:~ .;* ~ ~ ,~ ~ . .,.,.~" ~~'. l." .';' .,.~: '*4i
it:.;"li "i ~ ..., 0' ~ r;, <';' II, " \',' r..,
~ ',,~ ~~ Il' ~ -:;;. V ~ ,',"ll.m ~ ~ -,,~ ~ 'ti :~~,"1E1~~~" ,"'. '~;.~~,'~ - ,
~ ,y' L~ ."1' );. ~~.:' ~;. ':' __', ~l~,_, ~~,15l , :. '_.':' ~'_~~_'"' "'
Coynty Highway 101 InJf~str,LJciure Replac{rrien.t:St~d}h'~!'~ ,', .. q" .. "~~~~~~L~J'" l<iJ.}~~:;r", ~ '4:'"
___._..____.__ ...____ ____._....______.__ "._____ _._,...,_._, __.________ __~__ ______.__._____ .__~______".__'"__.~_________..______,_~___ ___ ____,~__________.____'._,__._.._'+_______________ _______________,___~~_~_.__.____ _."_____,,.______________.- _________.___ __ __no _ _________ __' __ _~-"__ _
( ,)
2011 Project Recommendations I
I
I,
. '
Contrast:
Project Costs:
· Total project cost estimate not yet established
for either alternative
· Alternative 1: 5-Lane with Median Later
Throwaway Cost $120,000
F utu re Cost $150,000
$270,000
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
- -- - - - -- - - - -- - - - - -- - --- - - -- -- - - - - - -- - ~ - - -- - - - -
( ,~
I
I I
2011 Project Recommendations
I
I
~ I
Contrast: I
I
I
I
I
Project Costs: I
· Alternative 2: Median Now
Median Cost Today $100,000
Throwaway Cost $ 0
F utu re Cost $ 0
$100,000
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study
r_____________ -------.----- -------- --- ---- -------- -
Co ,"
2011 Project Recommendations:
Input from City Council
Consideration of Facts and Affected Stakeholders: I
· Benefits of Median Alternative
- Safety and mobility of traveling public
~ Motorists, services vehicles, pedestrians, etc.
- Accessibility of residential and business
properties
~ Safe Access is Good For Business information
~ Use of local streets for local circulation
- Project Right-of-Way and Construction Costs I
I
I
I
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study I
__._~_____ _~__ _..... _._'_' u____.._~__ _____._.__._..____.._____ ___.. _ ___ _,__.__.___.__ .________ __.._____._____ _____.______. _~_._"._.___ ___..___.."_u.. ._._._._. - ..---. - --
. "
..
Next Steps I
.1
!
!
2011 Project: ~
· City Council Input !
I
!
· County Board Update I
I
I
· Staff to begin meeting with property owners who: I
- Are affected by driveway relocation
- Have proposed sidewalk easement
· Construction scheduled for 2011
I
I
!
I
I
!
I
I
I
I
County Highway 101 Infrastructure Replacement Study !
r~ o/:~.}.;
>; ~
'''' r ""
, ' ' r
~ '. II
, I --."....-.......
,I .,-- :!fI" " :"""', I
I" ' .," '" I
... ",. "OJ
~I~ ~ ." il..". ' ".... I
c, " ~'t: 0:: ',.... ~.
" ." -,~'<- .' "
. ." II . - . ..,o::::::::::::::;;'~-::l I
. ' ,,' ' '. " ' ./1"
':'.. '. ~C:20. I ~~. Iii" ' ." ,..' ....i .......1. II . ~~ " ~. ~.., ~'. J1 I
, "'" . " _.:i:il CS'" I
~ '. (;I....'; AH 101 N
~ _ . r'~ _", I
_ ,,1iO . ... Gd! '::l' . · ' , · -- -
." , 'r 'Zl' .., , J> · =
""'~""_.' .~ ~ 'I < . '. .' - I
','~I .' ' '" " . r
~ . . rn '&Ii ~'II 1
. .."~ ..Ii <
I n"n i ,m t ' , · I
l;f:t:I , .. " ' ·
.' " I"~ , "
f.et. '. . :''MIf.O. . 'J · ~.": ,111 I
I I', '..J II' ·
" _ _ .. w ..' · · tI.
t;, g> , . .' ' ,,' .. I
" .."
I I ~' '" ' ·
I" Q' "f'J:.~ i ' ~~I ' ~ ~:..r~, ~ ...'~ I
f,)" ""'}'! ......... . liI. I
'I --,. ~ 'Ij;. l1l
I '.,. no "~~' '
, ,f}. ;1_' ';;';:'~ ' """ . ~
I ' ~ " ;,,;v..~ ~' _ 0 , . ~
,,' ..' . .
.. _ ..,',. _ o' \,";' I
" _ ,,0' .~
.... 4 ~... ' " , I
I ~ ...MERV'LlE'IT"" ' " ,
. "; ." _, II
I - "',;-0.. ~' o' . ·
'- , _ ;.-".J.5 !:.i'BlI'" - - -' -
~. . . .?:". ..d".... .!II. ..
:="~' " - . , . '
o. " ·
I ",d I · ,it "
"..:'11' .'
.~~ ... ','
~ f4' "fI4~
~""';""".'. ."@ · ~
~<!, ,(,~.t-.".~.
~ .
G
l,;I '1"
iljj '{(,~ ~ ~
II
I
I .
~-
III
m
~
\ll
~ ':!. .,.
~ ~.
.~ '. "p"
I -
t:tl!ij;.
, l
.~
. .
~ t
'-'i
I \
.
t9 '
!\\iI.
. . ~
~n '
--- \Q .
-- ....,....- ..l .;-
1 :J:
....
o
, ~ ~
_h R' I
-i
- JI ~):>
, I ~ <
I IT,!
I m
l"~ -
J,/f,fl;:':i<:X?:
I ~
r~- :
.",~
I ~ )~~~
~ :~ 7~
" " . ~"" :~~'
';'~_ v " if!!!'
'" .... ::'.W"'. C:.",
- ~,~
" ' 'Ij;:
$' " ~ '
:<i ' ~~
,;t l'f'~' , .~
, ,U ~.
, " ~ "
, . ~
~ll ,.'
:.., 1'- " ·
'1 ' ''<\.,.;~
;' t;,' '; .'
I ." ,. -. I " ..... ~ .~ if" ~. .
~ - ' . ~
I ' ' -, " · ·
. ' ~'" ' ,
~ - .. ~
lIIl " _ """ IN ST · ·
I -- "'f' ·
, I ~ ~
"! .. ..... ...
II w ~::::;;~.:.,
~, .~...
I I ~ ~. "'" . .. -
""~~ ~
:"';~" c 'f ~
......'i,.'\."'-"'-~x~
I ~ ~~
I. :\[..... j .It.. '.
< I A\ (
I ~ if
. ~,
V~ T _
~~" ~ 't' a ":' ,
a MArN Sf", "'. . a 'lei
v..a .,; '. ~ 91.
I ..- -;;, m
;;;;:p ""'"
. I · .........::... III n' ~:'..'
"'; <~......, l'
· i i !f
L ~t .
II " ct ~ .~.
. .;., J..J
.. " I;lI f
I .~
· ' 10,: ~1.~ nI.
t. t~ ~.~L& ~
~ .." ." .. ~_tTt I
I "',,~,- t
" xJ
~~ ',. ...'~. '. J .
' a. .'K~:
I . ~ ~ cl
[ ~ = '
~ , " ;.. .~~~ ..~;
~ iii, ..,~ '" l"Ii!. "'-s>' <'
~ J~ f ., ~'" .
r ,~. · ~:~."'=:"3,.
r ~l~; "''' ~'~'<
I VWV - ' ,,~', "fI!--
','>~' " "~,, ."' ~_:= , .-'"
~N ~ _
I ",,~p I l'
I ...~ _ _~"
-- - -~ ,~.... ---.. I
' I -'r~ ~ - ... .. '0 . 'J
" r ,.a. W~. - . -....- 5 ,"'" g -
;, ::.~.'. -- -,J,.e---., ..I
:r" _'.." :"\ '_ , .,'" ~ " ,,'{ .' .,'
01 -, ._~~
.'~ , i .v ."''''' '''"':." ....:,.
I ~~;.~ 1 , - - L :'~ i : .. ,
' ., ,! .~ ",.. -.,,""'" .. "
, .:i ' , '~..., - ~!'~i 1:': ,,'.
" t t . C
11&. _, ~;:.
....$~ . ~ ... '..... .., .
~ ~.
. 0,' I - i ~i ' _., ~
. '..t. '" 1:'., .' , ,~.:-r~ .
' . . , .... . ~ . .., ~ '
~L ," ", ~., .I,}r ~ I~. <~ _, ? '" .....
"~'''''''. - ..., "Ij" -,
;,,'...'. .'. . ."' ~'f ;: ", - ,. ..!:I ~ I ; I "...4.' >",,'" .. ;~~. "". ...~.....
" . ,...~~,~! ., ,. .,,:::il ... ~ ... I.... .~..,.. \.' 't'1!!"l'"
'::'''/''~I I > II il ,IlL ~ ~~ !:I ~UB "f.C '__',"" ........ .~..,.
~'~~'. [' ~ J. IJ ,!'('" __.... ", :"'"
"~~ I l I .,~' \!I . ~1'
!.,rJ~ ". ,. ~. . ". .._ 'i~':;
. ;;.4.. "~"'i." · n ~ ~l\ _'
-.''''.... ;-A~:- '~ ,~ " '" ~ F',
'. iIi:iIiltii1"., --- - -="'. i', . ..'y...... . I
-<;-~.~~ - I""'" " '-:-. n,' ~ .
.....,. --', J ___ 1iiII.. .... ~_I ~ ... JJiiiI!'f':s4i. ..11,
.. - II, ~ = ..- ~ . .-. .. I ~
~ ;; ~--. ~ .,......... .~";:i .-...,<-~- I I'"
n . ~lINNA~k5~ ",,,
- . -- ~ --::..
.,.,.-.....'...:..'.'T.. U __ ... _ _. ~ . '. '....,.~
. "1ii"'1III' -- I _~. .~ ..
~ ~ ~
= .. - I rr;;'" ~.... .. 1.. J < ~.
---....--... -- ....... .~,. - . ,j~...". .
W -'a'~ ;;. . II ......~......,~
I ;- ( -er r 1<~ ' __ ~ ,:, . . .. '. '"
'~wra;:i. i,; ~_".' ~~'
I .~... .' ~.~
I I t:" ,,:
I ' I
'1 \. .
'1 ,1... .... '1 !;j . n '
r 11'""'- .... \ a Vl
~, Q ~ , I I I I 1-'" -,., ,~ )>
~:. a.. .' ~ ~.~ ~~. ~ ~ i:-~.;f. :.. ...... ' ..... I
Ln ..,,,,~{,i ~"B l! '"' "e ~ ..'/... . - . .... .,
..J.. Il .,. "~~..J ,
". Q. lll'~ '1"."'" :'rJj, ~~. it/~1- I
, ", .."' " .." ~ -" ~'
I "" I , f"". ,. .. . .
....rr ~"!' :0_,
.... "i' ,. lit
;;". .,I..'.' · ~-, " .(\. " I
....."""", '--~- ..,..
r- .6_....._......... ""....."lI.;"'''fflJet> , O.
OJ ti' ~. ," ~'~~" \
~ @l' ; ,t >,.r ~..,;-:;- '.> ~
::l ~ ~
ro ,. -= n
)> g.' ", .- n 0
H . 0
B t, '.. c :::0
,-+ .' r ~ :::0
m II i-<-
3 I" ~ · ~ 0
!I . ~ .~~.1.. 0
OJ ,~ z
,-+ > ,: 1;D :::0
-. ~' . ~';~~
<. .'.J....'.'"'. . '.' I,.... , ^'
' '~l , i ~ V I
ro '6. Ij -1 ~
! ' '~,- ........ ........ "'. '.'. .. ,~ ' ""''''''~-.J
"";P;~ '!-J ~~7, ---,
II o#~~~ ~ '"'
II .. ":; 'l;'':'::;;''' :-~.-- - J ~l!!!lI!I ~~. C
' . .. .,....- . . ... . . .~. .
'I '" if "':::i 0 ;..... ~;~'!#f". '. "~. . "./'<" . \~.. ." r_H ", ~ ~ ::;..,. ;". i
I . IJ · ' . '" .,Jf.~/.6.'f)~".' j,~ . - _ _ -.;, '
I ~ -,. 'v.....~ : '., ~ -. , 0
. lV'~ "h'~ :; ."
'.....?'....;~.'Ii\,.. ] I .-r--~ c:::-y. 'I <:;"":;;;: f w.-<
.~.t..~. ;\i!ii.j,!1 I, '-' 1 _. - :il'.. ~ J!'-- .. _ U i-
e," -- I ....... 0 .. I ..__ IJ
,:~r' 0,.,. . S~. . '..'"' . . J . ...;I......::: ~ .' . ~.'
. <' - I .... " . ': . .. ~. .);
--- . - d ""'l! """", ~ 'It.
· c"., '. _ -. .'" : =1Oi'. IlIl
,..I I ...', i.. ,Q , . II tI .
': I .~ '.' i. ~Yi... ",LJ ~ ,
'.' ,"J' ,~\ '$~ _ :~,~, ,>. "....'._ ,. ,
~'~ n ~-"." J ~ c-. '." :>
-- ~ .....- ---at- ___..-
- .
I
If --. "::'" . .. _
~ '<~ '"C.....:Ii;. .'. L-O. ~ ~ ....!
. , . '" ~'O - . ..'
". .~' '1:JE' '\ M tj, -- ,'. ~ ,=, ~." lie' : '.i
' , ""'.., . ~'-
l'. ~ \C. '.' '.. ~. ""'." '
"'C ~., ^.... .,
I' n,. . . ..
. . '.' '''",,' '. J ""
il 'i~'."".1 ..
,'. ... ""
" ',~L,..,
'" <~. .:( I'
;\'",?~.r"_. . . .
"'. ". ", ,~ r .' 'Oil
':'~!f.' ': ',-' ,'" "Ill" :., ,. ::.';,1 " _ ;:.=-'
' w ..~,.., .",~ _
~ j -t. , "
. ~~". . -. - j J;.
'.:",~ ~! ~,-_.~ - ~ i::::'
' NAUMKEAG ST ~ ==' =~
-- ;0. '~.."
'- · ~ II , .. .\
.. .;,~ . ,., ~
~ (..~ . . ~ ~
' , ;:, ,
.
a
~ ~
t ._
>) ~
;1:~ . ~.' "":ii. ~.il' c--
~~, "~.' .. C
me .~ '.il "."'''''....,,'''', ""', -n
)1;1-". ",.,on ~ ,,~.~ --: ,t; -n
...,.....- ~/ e'. ~ J>
:~~ <
~i';"" 'f:~ m
~:".'.~~, m
.. ~",.
. .... "",,,..
G I~ ~/
,," , " , ", '" , ". .-
' -.. I J.,... ~., " ..
~P.v ~
" ..! '.
' *. :;;::;;;!... ,,~~ 0-::;;.;;;;. ,
PI ~.. t~~
--- - L' lt "'.~'\,
'<ol'lI 'I!o "" g, '" . J
;Ol.. ill. '. &. '. 'I" . CIl..
:!l -, I · , :,;;:q' 00,..
.: llJ ~ ~tf · .'-.'~' ~, ·
~ J ., '" ,f
· it - - .' ...;" r '
1 ." "". " .... '. .'J4.... .'
..... . '.", "', .
-,,,,, . - . ,/I '. "
:3Il, . 4t":
: 0 I , - I "... .',1;"
. '., '~:." ~..~, '. II . ~
t! '1" ,.. .
- , .. >..
' ~ . "
' - li:ll , " . _, ~,,\^,.
· 0 .... '" . ", ,~ '
;::: ...... '> "
~~., . .
~- - ,
!].
'"f'!",..
n '+ ~
~. ~
.> 1
<=. ' "
A:r= · h', '..... ",
~ . 3 0
. ~'. ,
'... . , . "
" .. ~ . . ", .
/1'"- \ ,,~ ~ . ,
t. \ ;8.",~'I;. ,~. ,I
.., !~' iH4' I' Q}, ~.t" ..;:
, , '. ,,' "
It.. '~l!F"''''' .. '.' .' ,
...c' , .'lI . ": .. , , . . . .
.-. ~ ~
i ",.,'" III
. ", ,"",
'g . , "
,~"''''., -'-:"
..... -
f~Q,.r' . "', .. ' -, . . · , ~.~ fl' '_".,
,,.,.1 "...,~.".,-,,"',' -If... .t ,.,'...~.,'. .'.....~
"' ' -,- . .. - "<,, , ,
.. ~ ._- . " \ '..
l ~......., '.., . . 'I. ,., - - - .. " . . , ... .. -: ........~ 7
U' ,- _ . "
"~ ..,- .
- ~ "="" 00 ,.
~ - ,
. g '''.
. .... "0'" ...,r
... .." ,
~: ~1~; ~ ' , ,."
,~ liL, /1!1 . . ." ~ p .
;~. i::. ..:.,.....,.. ."' .. ' 8; .."_., 'bi _
iIOio 'Il< ' · - , '" - .";"j'o:" .. _
.~- ~ '-... r--'
~~~ );: :, ~ . "..{ = '-',
"."'. ,".J':.'''if.i"..t ';;\'~.J1;~ ~- <. . ", ~ ;~;.;~.".I'l',.,., , '. t.' .
< ,~"'~: .. , .. m <, .;>.1,.. ,,'. '
~ "V" on '. , " ""
' :~f ... '., " ,.( ,
"'$' :p1f""
~Ii "
, '"
';~'r<"'''~ Ii">!""","'" ""'~~"~Aif''',C''''
a 'l' ,,-;~ ';;i" . ~.~,~;, ~:"': ~: <~t'0,j<;;~ ',' '.
r " '. <,.,.... \f.; '*'....., """-'~~''''.:c
a · ';1 ~ :., , "rjfI~f' '~ ::f!~~~'~
~ ; 1I,...t. ",.. "......",gg 1';.._
· ,; .~',: :7::,; ."'~'" 7::~;~t~.>,c · \ ;v:; '~r~:)
1...1. · . I '. '.~ ..,. ~iiiW;~~ ~ "...".~L ........ ':...".' ".'
· Jt ", '" ~ '*""~~.,: -~~"8~"",-:=! 'i_~ '>i,', ..,~
II iI' ....:~ <II ~ a~~:'~~~'-;r ~ ~. ~,~'-"r"'.( '. '~'A.:" ~,.. ,.'_, 'J"
. "11 < .. I: , '.
" '., ',r .., :.li' ,~, ,
' :i" ~. f. _ ~ _ , t. "" .
.~ [" . ,< ' ...,~' t I ~ ,I tJI '\, .
mn '\' 4" I',.
"'QiJ 1'.1
-
., d-- . ~ "
~ r-
" I .~ II
=-FI -,'" "
...,. ..
0 I;l I':
Da. I:
I
OW
0
~
-
""', ~
. ~..--;:, ~~ ~
:t"~J.
(J)
~ .,:-" . ;} t!"
. · : [I .
r 1/t'
I:.l
''0
I
~ t
tT:l
tTj
, . ~ UIUIDU
.
'. .
,
!:1 ." .,. m ~ III ~ S ~ !ll S
- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Z .. 0 ~
RiJ"'::'" ~
~ III g z ili J: .. ~ a ~ II:
o n m C Z
,. III ,." 0 III C Jo -4 n m 0 -<
i5 C 1:1 ;II - :;; ril m 0 ::1:1 c:
. ~~.," <' ~ !! !! Ci ~ n c :e ~ ~ CIl 0
:T' :~ _ ~ I:) ~ Jo JoJoJ>. "'::1:1 C
. Z :t ,. ~ i:l !; ~ ~ g
it.i3 ...~, .. .......,c '" Jo b (, -f
1;~~ ~ "" ........ .... o J> - C m c
,. " ili g;.5!:e r-
..l.... . .. ,;\. ""' <l0- X ~ :e
'~ ~ - Z J> m
1ft Jo ~ < - -< ~
',- ~_~; '~1~~ :;~? ,,(; "' t -< ; g a
i .~ III J>::I:I ::1:1 m
,r.::::::.a 'i.,Y. " ;I i ..~~ 3l: 0( Gl ;: z
~.1 ~:..?" g po m a
:e
'" J>
-.... c: -<
!, ''o!.r '., ... :l
"--- ~ c ~' ~ m
:Ill
-
.
I
· . r;:.'''",
"J .. IJ fl Lr-,"~'. .
~,' ~,~ li!'~" _ftt'/O- '
" ~j I .J
, /" .. .. ...-
',,' . ... j -
.~," ..",_.."",,1 , . ~--
n .. ' ,'" , .. ' -',' -
.n-. ,',' .' ,t--
..... .. >.. . _.'
. .. <,.;ll ,-' ~WIS ~~ ' ." .,=
[ '. i" ,l"-ld~iii ~" .s~~. ""\~, }I ~P......1' ""-, -
, . ,.,> __~' ' "v"
, .,. .. ' ' ..a oJ.- ~.. ....,... ,';
.. ' ' - CSAH ......
~ oi ...." ' 101 N
H ...." ~ .".' I
~~ ,~
f-1 ",' u
..' iZ. .. " - --,
-, ;,J.', - ' -
g;g , in; tI ..,., ~". { ',... I'
...> .- ,.' - ..",..,.
.' ~
re.I " .: 0 · : ~ ;' · · ~ ·
__ .' . . tJ' -,', I Tf.
--' - >"
, ~ ~p , -
, _..'
Ii I _ ~,l' · , .:
Ii ~.' ~. · ~: I" "",~' . ';'~."~~"..'''"."""..".~,,,,~,~, ,;;'I:
os;; 't. " ,'''''~c'.. .. '
_.. ' _' ' ,,"',i.... I '
. 0<'_ , · 'li\.'i ' '
I ~,'1' n.i.. "Wu, ."",' , ".,' ~
, " 'r. ' ~"... -" ' ..>
['" ',... .. ," "';.... ". _ _.",;:: b" " .." , "
'.... ci' . _". <"'" . '. ' f
_ ." T' ... _. · '" ' ,''it.
.. "".. ..' "
, ,', SO"lMERVILlE ST " " " '-. \, '". ,
r- ," ·
, <= .. ,It!)
~'"'~'~,~,,_,, z · '
;;;:......, ~ .. .
~"b "Q
I~,~~~.,." II )>. .
.,'U .~, \ ~
, ^ ..,'1' \
, ., ~'
;~- " ;
I ''-''',' " f ..
~ . \":' ,
" .. . . ' ..
w I \~ t
I \
.. ' "
~" :,
. ,.'
~'..."':'.:'
'J!:~'
i;'#~J
, " ,"
.. _ ~ J .,..",'...-.,
.' ow.
~1.,';'NCE m. . It"
" ,< -- -
... ~,
..
~
.
).. - t
.
\r-. ' ,.~
I' ., · ~,
- ~
I ~ j
, '
" 't
. ~
>f'
':!ill ~ <T .f
" ' JI '
l"" '11 ."',C,~"'. ,
l 0 C- --
. f.$. r' ~O--
:... -.... _.. - - , ..
!,~.. . ... ) u . ~ I 1 ^' --'
...~~.: I [r~.1 -l'i;lift ;: ...~,,-=',~' - ~
._ _ _.,.. I < - ,""
. ~, ' , ",."" ' m ~ '..-
'b*' " m" · '.
! ~~:"~ .w.. ., .." 'n.' m · I '
, ,~, .,\:. ,- '"
r.~)l\'lr :Ii'h .. . " , fBI:'. r-
!!!!!!la;~... _,' l ~~ n" 1 ~
, ~ ,.- ~
. ....'.. '
~ . l"' 'i "'. M-'"tt......--~ ...," I I In1, ~
....' . " .' :-p .'
, ".' " ~MORE ST '" ' -'
. - - ,~_.-
_...,_.. '.," I d$. T',' .' . ~r""""
_.' .. _. .. l
..,- ---' ------
.."l' · ,- -
", " Jr---- -- -
.. - ", - ~ -- -
I ..' ,- .- ~ _. -
--- -
. . J'- -I.Q
I .. ' ," .s:.'
, , I "\ ' - , ~
, ",' . ..
," -
4 ~-
A ~,[. . , -
, ,,' . '
~, , L~ iI' . · "-':" . <f' ..
~~~ ~":,,, ,.' "'." ..,...., "S4..."J.
. . )-0, "
;. '.'.1>ic." c~~, "
-, II) A 11
, ',J I
,'~ I ·
I :I,. ,"":,","",-'
~~~ '
III ..
I
- ,- =-;;:: .;::
, .,,'
" . ~= . .'
, =.- ' '.
'" . ~ .
"~ y; ""
h' ..
. ~
_.....,,<>>ooJ '
~~,jri.,,:'~\~~1i1;t1f
if> "j$! ~'''',,?N''
wi:' . ...~. ~:f.<'
,
.' ,~ t !f Fn~ "~-WJ;, ,
I I f '''JII -' '~
. I :. V -:.~ :~t~t~:.r(r,~.:~~t" -. ~~.;~.: ~-~ i'~ ~
j' ...~,~ ,.>.;\'1'1'~ ~.~~ ~ >llI ~
... -..: I ~. '.1:: * .::"~ \:t' ~;~~;^:~~y,; -' ili :# ~!J:'
< MA!N ST ~
I'; ilI.ra;;;:._..::... '''~; II~._, d:I"f;;' Mi;.,"iI
.. 1; """ ~,,fIi'. ..'1f'ti/;
r ~ ~ l:l=~= l~ .' t~~:'~;"'" >~A.t-t<";;.",.
~ ~ ""', ". 0.i,~;{iJ, ~,?F'
~i - .~. ,-,>>>>-nt, ' ;~"'.' ,. ,; "',....'." .', .... . ,'..
-F$ ~ .~, . I
~ ,~ t\~' _.,,~,.., .~,,!fj.~.,.,:, ',~"!:.. #1. ,:,~'.,'.,'.;.,;,'."', ~ .~.~,?,'..,,"',.",. '
I~ '~ ~I 1~' ,:/'~~" :;"'~."t,~~
I "~ Iii.' 'v'" '\j;i' ~;~f;f..-~
! ; " .,.'~.,~."{'I"d\ ~ '~I:~; ",~','"..','., ,~ .~"~".",'~..."
I., ,.." ";;\","'9;., . ',d"
I" -',"', ' ." ";' .,".",.,',.1-" '. ' , "'!I!',";-..,,.,'~,,' ,;
/II '...., .. ", 11:1: ,;-, "",..,,.....';"'....""
" ,~ ".' -, ,... -- ., . " . ':,;-.. '~,.:,-::,~,.-.'" '- -',: '-.-._- ". ..'.~,~~.'
'>l !l1 ~ '.' ';' ~"'"
I ., ',... ~ 'ii/l~ .' , ,~ ~., ," ' ~"""
r ,,~ "/~;,.~ ' ~j~
f ' ."~"'~{i"t .' ~~\
.. ' " ";~;\...,." 1ij,~'l\<\<",~X ..', '. ,.,.'
CD ,..~ : ~~ (0, [."."., $ ,- .. ,:.,
~L~ ';'..;, :1;; ,~!',. /.' f
~ r- \~'Cf,,\,r.;:~
H I .gII~~'i~' : ~ ;p,~ '.
, " ,'T1 \,~!li,"'~;' ,,~, '\l;,;,' ,,'~.' ."'.',' '~
. )> .'If'' ''''u#t..
. '<,~ . ,,,,,1;~',
1 rr'l' ~ ,"1;",;.,.*"',
m 'P' '-, :~~: ':f~.J
l-;,,,.,,' ~,
,
~'t :... ~ ~
) .. '" .'
n ~ ~
I rr ' I. , l:.'" LI~'W', "" ~
I I M,6;RKET ST .', ('\(.:1,1 ~
ii .:: 1 '!!\"" a ,.'\ O. J
' · X D g '\OJ
,..., - r- ~,l!.
" "" Q ~ '"
~. ~~
I II:l '~~J..
~l ~.~~ ,~~~ . " ','
. ; ~ .~ Irir ,,;~i.~;;~ i,
a :J '.' , IX, ~ ~'_.'%h","?".' >f'~
I r-J ~". I. ,.;.:!tl<'~"'~Jit.~ ~ /~,
h-, ,z ,~ .... iln,~, \ ...,-'<'.<.;1 , ".
,r- a !, =. , ,e..., ,.., ' I.,.. · ,''!t, .'
I ..., "lOoT ""l >"' ,.?'"
) .~:t't
\\ ~ , " , " " '
~ ~~~
-- ... -
'l: ('" ,- -- _ ...,
"""'~~
~
I , [<f<,','
~. I'
, ~
I In,~ ,~,
H,'" . .... 'fl!!"~
~ ...-.::.= ;;: -.,.,,\ ~::". <
; ~~ --~, - "~. - --- .. '", =:;I -:~;,:;,~i;~i):,
l It ~~ - u , ~; ,'~''t,
I, U MINNtSO"fA"S\f ""', ;"". . .;,'>li!>h ~.,',< J
I ~ ~--- l\g ti~ ,.<#\, ~.
'.1" ..,... ,..." ','. . . ~ t' -""""'-., ".' .,'
rr ~. - ........-.., -' -,' . . , '.
'" Il" . '. " . , jF
F .. "'tl -' ... .'..: ' n 3";" ~f
.... - ,-, .... ,
. ~ .. ~....: j, ~
. l' . - -"" ~ ~ ;Ii".," '"
ii, ' ,1' ....~,. IJ '~,~-j: - ~~~ '.,.. ~c, . i,U'.,...:.',I,."" '. _ 'IfI
I ' --' ~ .., ,
I ;;J , - - ~-. " ."
, I ... I I -~ . ~ -~ ' '>:
I'..... ' · ""I> .. , (l ~,. l =- .' \O..C ~~~ ~_ n
+-- I ~.,'.....' ,. ""'~~ I ^
n " ' . ,,' - , Iil' ' . 211. .,' ' v'
I "~ ,~c~ .' ~~:<;J I,!t T ~ J .J ' ': ):>
I t -"", ""<"",, '0"'"
r-. ~,~,,~",'<,"'-"',...,...,..
1"'\ \ ."... ~ ,':I, ...,('.;, ,~, , \$, ",0, "[,'< ...r,~ '""~ ~'''~''..' ',',' ' '" I
~ . '" II" Ii.f ~ r. i . '1~~'" ;Y$" \o"~ '~?;::!I.....
.Jk i a ~, : .. ' :'1' FA
",' - -' ,~~ .. =-
::J .'l~..;I ~,' " ,_,'."".,',',.,f>',..,.,.' ~-:~ ,.','.',..,.'",.""'.'.'.'..',:,.,'.",',,.... ':9:~~. ~
ro 1 ~ . . ~~-
I'~ ,
I flI... ,--, " ~ ,,:i,
II ~ _ _".- _ ..W'"
~!lLJ ' -, ,"~'~,'~& f'rr-.',. ." ~ ,i~;.." 0
-- - ,- ~~ ,..<,'..., -.. .
O - -- - ~.::"o - .,..,,,,,", "",,-, ,,' ,~,.~. .. "'..' I ^ ~
,=,-- ." ,,-, ~ ~ ~< "', ..--
-. DAKOTA:~.. __ _ '_ ~'~, 8
< ' ''!''F .~l!tJG. , -=='Il/:.., M- n
4 ~ '. '7 '" ,~ .-.
_ . .~ !>. .~ '. ':-- ", ~ , r-T
a. ,~~":'" "("~: '~" · . " ~ 0
ro f" .' '''_" , ::u
'if Ql '.'iI. " C
y<< II;J. ... ~: ~ .
, ,,; r;t""f;' , ~ !Iit>.";' .... ~.
II "'~ ~ ;.,: r;m.., ;. ~ "
l '" ,', '0, ".":t~~1Il' 'WJ . , '. " . ::::i
a. II II ",..~~.. ,', ;~. ~.. .:1."..... ,;, r-t- ::u
J'F'wn~ ., It"'i' ~ ' ". "<
):> t::~.'<f'i~..,~ .", t~II(-:~:t '"'' ;j, .... -
t"~.,' , "", .i1['i".~~,;,y:~. ~ ~"", 0
II '",',1if;':' ,.,.., I ft,* ..~" ~" s:
" ',>r'" '," ' '~".', l,l ',' '~9'~'<<!Ii"'~:'C '" ,,,, <-
.~',' ,,"" '" ,'1: ..? .. ''', 0
E""':" .1"...:". ',' l'~ · . ':J 0
r-+ ..".".,. ~>ti'h,.,..,..',.,,".'.,',' '~"....'" ::...."; ~...:Jl!,)l"" ,.~:.'" 1 ,'." , Z
' Ai\'!IJI..,""" ~;, -W1j<"' "
ro ",~M' ;.,,~, ,t' ", ~,:, ,'{!r
, '~: &. "''''1: ."." , ~ ,..,.,.
I . -;'f' I q ..
, ~ ..,...' ~., ,.".,'~,~,' ."If,,', ~. ..<....~~'l!' i ' .," ::u
.. '" ~ ' ' .1l." ,":
ii!;l ~. ~ ~,"' , :\ ., r
::J::,,,,',, ~cai' ;.;>'J.."~"*,'~..~, ,I ';'" :.:' ." ~ ~,J" I ^
OJ ,. Ii ;:~>;:;;i ,,':~' 11:1(<', &' v ,
II ,_ ''''''''',~, \>' ~ " '" 't, lllie ~ ," ,..,
1~' "',' ,"'''''_ ;f,\,^,,:~ it." ,- '\. '.:
r-t " PRAIRIE~' i. ' ., " ~ --I
, ," --- - .' ~ C
<. J'I' ~ to;; II .,.. iiii'. '~.....~"~1--,'~,~n,..'. ',7",' ',.,. ". I~'=' ~~- -=--"':-.;':'J, . :\1,'.:,..','."..~.:..,"..',....,,'
, I' II V. ,'.. q, "1?vt'i':;"?', i -. -~ ----. ~ :'I ',.n,' 0
" ~., ,,"':,,;.< , , 1,-:
ro II'" ' ,-""'" II ", ''''
i:' ~..- ,~~~' __~_,_ ~'_ i' ~ "'I~. ~ r.'. ., .". " " -<
, ,I " Il . '1,'" ~ " .;;&. - .
III' , .' -=' ---... Ct-l', n "'""'If'"
II l ""'~, rf . -- . -...... , ,0:... ;/j'.
IJ1 f1~' IVJ " '~ ~.. ...li
~"'. ''lei I'~' ,'''' ~J! ,',
:' ~ ,'"- _ .-M~; .. ".~ ...., "., '. :' .; "{.",.,,,/~', ~
" '. l;a ~f .\'" .... .tfi . ~ ~
----=-..,<-
1-----'" "_~
III'"' I - · u-- ",
___: 1~r
.,
u_ . ,
" . Jl" ;"
· e; '" .' ,f
~~CI' It
: 1/1"t
.. 1IIl1ll..,,'
.. ~ t !'iFi~.
~ "~
1:1 . It
J ~ n
11 II' , 11
J .'""
. 'I '*
t t . 11 ~ ;" , " g'
J"' ,,!~
~ ".,L, ""<. "',ijl
~ '~E i:':"
- '... ," ...:::t:...
' "'" ,
~;,;
..
0,,:, ........ ~_ ...., "':,;." ,i,
~ a '- --:v-,.. ..':!I"~~, _ ~, ;'. ~ .-..
. " ". '. ....
" a . , ,
f ~i&
f Ft _~ ~ j ,
f.
It , ..,
' f .. ".
.i\: ".
p, (l
w
r--
C
"T1
"
" J>
<
rt'l
rn
~ "
, ">>Ii'
ffIM", ,
'..' "',',' ," ' ~ ,
' , ' · ," f " ' ; '"
' .. , " "' L I" '. .' i< ...
:- ", · ~""", t "~' :
'. .~. :~\?;~f~?jt, . 1!',
:l,t'b,~_'t : r'~1:1 ::~ ~ .
1,'~~~' '" '"_ . .'~ L.
. , s,~
': -- ~ . ..
,.,.,:;t,[P' ,,, l " · ' m . '"
'~ '-'~
t f L ~,,_ ~ .
c, } . ' . U l
' ~ .
%, '1'-
~. -
" 'U' .';, , :,"""-"l"',.,.__ ". _ .. '
~ ".~....,>'l ' .. ~ ". __~ --., ~
' .. , '-'" "
I. I ~,::,l , I · v-: ". ~'';; "-,JI , """d'
' l:;.." " ~,' '" ., I q~ , .. ~~', ,....", .. 'I
I....... t'~ , 'I " ,_';;:' .
Z, c;al ~I " '1lItw' " , J} ," ':',' .' ~ k ~i",,"'.f
' 5' '" ,.I ~ ~ ., :' "', ,'~' ,
Z i '_. ~ ",'4<'if....
" " '....,'
):> ....."1' n "
Q "'I foil
21_ ~
o .
~ J ,
>> , -
- . >"
<;j' 'J"
o ~ h 'I i+Io,
l>.. ...." ;
H~. " ,,' . 1
'P . ',~, " 0
.l -1 .-a , 't , ,~ II ca
.il - - - ~1D, "~ . I ".... '. f,\t'...
" :l .. . , iI",,' '.
.. .... ,~\ ~ ,-,," J : ~ r
· " .'. '..~' , "t'
". · -t . '''''''''' " , ,~
' . Ill'" " , . 'i!t~:~.,. , , .R..,
.. ,..- .. . - - ""=;' ;' .. ,~,.'.' 3-a
',"" ,,,,"' ,. -to- - ""'!~.,
.. '" ,-- - - - , . .. ". ~...;t
I ' ,~".",c" - ,,~"' ,"
"" ~,
I II:' '- - " l .
i .~
g ., " I
-.,. j'~
iO , '_
'~f;!,'t, \. ~.~:;
r ~~
' 1\ fll '
l1li, -(1 \ ~
.1 C .~
~ ~
' ':1, _ ~
)> , i
'"' '" ~ ~ . "~I":::'- -'~ ''"''',
· i} 'Lr.. .""".= "'~.~ . , ,',
' ~' ,'" ''''~'' ,1 ", ~~. "k,<i'
< ,~., "~l' . :.,> ~'"
· · ,,':'{:;~~~':: <,' ,,' "~: {~i;< '
~ " · 'o{;'., ~ , ' " · < ,'~ "> "-;~;,f. "'''' ,',. ,....
' " ., '. " y , , . ...."" ., '. "
I '" ........', ,'~,.,q'~ ... ,.',.~ "~r';0,~", ") .'..,....,;,' ~,.,e%,~
- , -...., '. " . , , - - """,. .. .
'. '. 0, "..,,.,..,',, .' .,;.;",;,...~.
" ' = 'St'.;;.,.. "~.;:; . 'J \ ,i'r~,~,<' ,
,19 ~a.~,., , Io.l l'lf ;~ , "t" ;':" .-~io,''!)~,,-\''...... ", 9~~~~~~ .~'-
... ~.".., ~ , · ",~;~ ..~, . .;i~ -.'
. I ' .' ; . ~>:'":,~~,,, ~ " C;f.'W.
II .' ~".,. " ",.,..... " .'..
- I~, " ";,', ",.i:;,'i;'.)"'_, -L ,';J;~~, ". ,
~ '.... - ", '" , J', '., , .,', '''t $", ",~
~ 'u .";,~;,~,' ,\, ~ ." '%$~i~ .t.o/;~,\.{\i'/~~~ ",.~, f,,_
~ ,,e , -.' ',: :$;' ',', '..,,"" , ,iii-, '?', ,. K;\',- ,,!;ccl..";.. "t,'i.!&'1f~~ ~'<liif \i'''tri'
~ ;' ~'~., .::, :'; ;~~'.l,~,"",; '~" ~ '~'lr'~;; ~ .':' :r
'fI; "'""",, IT"::, ^'t ,tt ' Jtfl~' " . ~
~ I ,~,~<:' ~ ..... "'~~"~~~;>t .li~~~~~ .". , " .
.~i ~'" .." r
I
Ct
,l
it
I
I
Il:I
L
L-' I
-- .
,
, ;""-7:- '.....'
~ ".' :~~; ;~~'
I (J)
I ~;:>-:
~ ~~:: 't;;, .
, I
:~ I
'i"j; CI
~ Jj f ,~ I
n '
lj~
t'1i
t11 ~
I I
1 '~"
.6 ,~ I
I
11: ,~:~,
)~,
I << · 010100
. .
I
I ~~~~i ~~g~~~
i ~
1 "'"lI'llc.o." z..o~
~ ~OO~:: 3~g"'CZ ~
I ~ ",,, C/I\!IZO OOmC:;-
t:1lI1l1C1l/l cJ>-tomZ-<
-. QOO:a- :;j'llmO:aO
" ~!!c.;~ ii:g~~l/l; 0
~i1- .--'"',- . _~a~J> 1010>-";;:11 C
-'I'- J ~ ~o" s~r;~~g...
'."", ,\', ;r.< -';,"-' :>~~ .;, '. .. 11 ;jJ :{. lob... zJ>-cmc
1'><' !;;7';: l/l ~;E~ r-
=,~: '" ~~~ ~~ ~~
.rJ' ".~
~~ '~ ~ 10 i ~ m
~~ -~', lit 0( III <: Z
'~.. ~~"<", ~ 00 ; C
,c! il>i, Cl 10
CI .. C 0(
~~ -!!> ~
m
:II
-
- -
I
I
---.-- ~ --- --- -- --------- - --- - -
B
SlfE ACCESS 1
I 1
I
I I
I
1
I
IS GOOD FOR
::
-
l - - BUSINESS
r
..,
I r-
I e""" u.s, Department at Transportation
I
I "ei1 Federal Highway Administration
I
I
You may be reading this primer because
your state transportation agency or local
government has told you about plans that
I will affect access to your business. They
I . may be planning to install a raised median on
I I~ - your roadway, to close a median opening, or
I ,. , to reconfigure your driveway. Perhaps your
,
I request for a driveway is under review or the
I iii -__
I regulating agency has imposed conditions
I
on its approval. Or, maybe the state or local
;,0.0; agency is planning a new access policy and
you have questions or concerns about the I
11 economic effects of these changes. I
~ ~ 1
... I
.
r ... Whatever the reason, it is important for you \
, to understand the basis for these changes I
l and how they might affect your business.
This primer will address questions you may I
h I
have about access management and its effect I
on business activity and the local economy. I
It focuses on economic concerns that may 1
r arise in response to proposed access changes I
.......-
or policies, including potential impacts on
business activity, freight and deliveries,
parking for customers, and property or resale
""-.' --- ~ value of affected property.
"
I r I
I ;
I
I WhV is mv access being changed or reviewed:>>
I
i The access changes being proposed for your business or road are part of a
I growing effort by government agencies to improve how major transportation
I I
corridors are managed. These efforts, known as access management, involve the
careful planning of the location and spacing of driveways, street connections,
- median openings and traffic signals. Access management can also involve
I using medians to channel left-turns to safe locations, and providing dedicated
I turn lanes at intersections and access points to remove turning vehicles from
! . through lanes. The combined purpose of these strategies is to reduce crashes
I and traffic delay.
I ~
I ~ - To understand access management, it is important to know that roads
I - -
I have different primary functions; either to provide access or move traffic.
I i
! ~ . The main function of minor roads, like neighborhood collectors and
local streets, is to provide access. Minor roads must operate at slower
, r ., speeds so people can enter and exit homes and businesses safely and
-
~ . conveniently.
I ~ . The main function of major roads, like interstate freeways and regional
I highways, is to move traffic over long distances at higher speeds. Access
to these roads must be carefully managed so requests for new access to
L' development do not contribute to unsafe or congested conditions.
I I
I
1 I "III\.. tVle fouv tjeclVs I
I ,
I
VlClve LLved Vleve we Clt
How exactlv does this improve the situation on mv road:>> tLVlA-es VlClve seell\.. Cl Lot
r of VeC!V ell\..d coLLLsLolI\..s
I One reason managing access on major roads Vleve, Cl II\..d we VlClvell\..'t
is so important is that driver safety is reduced seell\.. O/ll.t //\..Ow fov Cl
- -- when access is not properly located and LOII\..g tLlIV\.e."
designed. Imagine, for example, a driveway - E. Stanley Tripp ofTripp's
on an interstate freeway - it would certainly Auto Sales in Spencer, Iowa,
cause serious safety concerns. These same commenting on a median
- safety problems occur with improperly project in his area.
II designed access to major arterial roads.
I"
~
- ~ Crashes and Access Density Managing access on your road can result in better
'l: 5 traffic flow, fewer crashes, and a better shopping
1 '"
(/J experience for you and your neighboring businesses.
I Q)
~ Q) 4 Consider the effects of adding more access points to
<C:=
o::E a highway, A national study in the late 1990s looked at
..... j ~ Gi 3 nearly 40,000 crashes and data from previous studies to
-a.
1 :8.l!! 2
COC determine the crash rate associated with adding access
0:: '0 1 points to major roads. It found that an increase from 10 to
..0..
~ 1 20 access points per mile on major arterial roads increases
.' 'tl
- .5 the crash rate by about 30% (1). The crash rate continues
00 10 60
20 30 40 50 70 to rise as more access is permitted. This is why studies
I Access Points per Mile consistently show that weIl~managed arterials are often
I Transportation Research Board, Access Management Manual 2003
. 40 to 50 percent safer than poorly managed routes (2).
". -- -
1
I
I
I
- - - - - -- - - - --~ - - -- - -- ---------~- --------- - -- ----- ---- ~-- ---------" --------------------
.'
--~ -
Example of Crash Involving Left-Turn Movement from Driveway
~
.
.
How does access management improve saletv=>>
t
Diver~ ~ . Each access point creates potential Before Access Managemenl
~erging conflicts between through traffic .
and traffic using that access. Each -..... .....--- ..........- ----.. .....--............... _..__.....-_..............._-
=x: + conflict is a potential crash. Access
management improves safety by ~
separating access points so that
Weaving Crossing turning and crossing movements
occur at fewer locations. This
--.C-+ allows drivers passmg through
Stopping/Queuing an area to predict where other After Access Management
Types of Traffic Conflicts drivers will turn and cross, and also
provides space to add turn lanes.
The figure to the right shows how basic changes in access design, such as
incorporating a median or changing a full median opening to a directional
opening, can reduce traffic conflicts and the potential for crashes.
Access Management reduces crashes
Using Medians to
If crashes and congestion become frequent on Reduce Potential Crashes
your roadway, people will seek out other routes. w
Bear in mind that a single crash can tie up -
traffic and potential customers for hours. ..
. .
..
,
.
I -
What about congestion and the eUect it has on mv market area;!
Access management not only improves roadway safety, it also helps reduce
the growing problem of traffic congestion. Frequent access and closely spaced
signals increase congestion on major roads. As congestion increases, so does I
delay, which is bad for the economy and frustrating to your customers. ..........-
Well-managed arterials can operate at speeds well above poorly managed
roadways - up to 15 to 20 miles per hour faster. This means more traffic
past your door and better exposure for your business. It also means a
more convenient shopping experience for your customers.
2
I I '.
How will a change in access anect the success of mv businless;t
II To address this question, it's important to first determine the type of business
that you own - drive-by or destination.
III
. "Destination businesses" are businesses that customers plan to visit
in advance of the trip. Examples include electronics stores, doctor or
dentist offices (in fact most offices), major retailers, insurance agencies,
sit down restaurants, etc.
'.
'" . "Drive-by businesses" are those that customers frequent more on
r!"r
I impulse or while driving by, such as convenience stores, gas stations, or
l ~: fast food restaurants.
I ,1 ~ [fyou own a drive-by business, your clients will
'"' expect to get in and out easily from the highway. Access
I ;~ For you, the critical issues are visibility,
.. management
I . signage, and convenient access. If your site is
.. relatively small, a driveway connecting to the has no impact
.
. highway may not be your best option. A driveway on the demand
I
I on a highway service road or a private circulation for goods and
I' lane serving several properties can increase the
services.
I convenience of your access and the volume of
customers you can accommodate. Convenient
.. access can be provided by periodic connections between the service road and
.. .' the highway, or through the shared private access points. Short driveways or
open frontages not only cause safety hazards for pedestrians and traffic, but
I have less capacity than local roads or long driveways.
-
. I.
.'
- If you are the owner of a destination business, your customers
"OUI" bus.LV\..es.s. are planning their trips in advance. A driveway on a congested
. VJ CIS. LV\..c yws.ec;{ highway or a highway that is perceived as unsafe may actually
Cl100ut 20(; LV\.. intimidate customers from making the trip. Most small destination
~- businesses or specialty stores benefit more from access to a lower
cus.toll'tt1..el" CQuV\..t." speed minor road, such as a neighborhood collector road. The greater
.. -c. Randy Rosenburger exposure that a major road provides is an advantage for larger
.... destination businesses, but it's a good idea to have access from more
'I ~ of City Looks in Ankeny
. -iJ Iowa. than one roadway. Allowing customers to enter and exit from different
-
I directions will increase safety and convenience.
- =
I
~" ~
. ~
t
---
I
I . -
..
3
~--- --------- ---------------- -
. I I
How important is access to the success of mv business;'
Location and access are factors, but not the most important factors I
that determine whether businesses succeed or fail. The main reason that
businesses fail is lack of management expertise (3). The main reasons that I
businesses succeed include (4):
. the experience of management,
. how well customers are served, I
. the quality of the product or service provided,
Just think about
. adequate financing and investment, .
. well-trained employees, the roads in your
. the level and nature of competition, and community where
. keeping costs competitive. access has been -'
Given that access is not the primary reason that businesses survive or carefully planned
and compare them .
fail, it follows that a change in access will not be the primary cause
,
I of whether a business will survive or fail. In fact, access is one of to those having lots
I
the lesser factors that customers will consider when weighed against of driveways, open
price, service, product, and store amenities. ...
frontages, and no
This is not to say that good access is not important to your business. median. Which
Whether your business is large or small, it is important that you roads do you prefer \
can handle customer traffic demand. If you operate or develop to travel on and
majorretail centers, factories, or campuses, proper location and design which corridors have
of access is essential to customers and employees. For shopping
centers, the Urban Land Institute's Shopping Center Development the most vibrant
Handbook states "poorly businesses?
designed entrances and Small corner properties are
exits not only present a more difficult to access. ~
I
traffic hazard, but also - --
cause congestion that can
create a negative image of ,
!
the center (5). "This is also
true for small businesses, ~
"
especially those on the - II
intersection of busy roads. . !
If your business is difficult I
or unsafe to enter or exit, \I
-J
then customers may be - I' .
dissuaded from visiting. ~ - ,
'- -
-- "-
This queue is blocking street traffic II- ~
~
and aclditional customers ,
Is this a sign of a store doing great business, or one that
is telling customers to try the next guy down the street? r c
'"'-
.
~
-
4
.
Studies of the business impacts of access management projects in Florida,
Iowa, Minnesota, Kansas and Texas have consistently found that most
businesses continue to do well when the project is completed. These results
are particularly true for destination businesses. However, most drive-by
oriented businesses are not unduly affected either. Drive-by businesses have
been adversely affected by reconstruction projects that reduce their visibility
II from the major road or cause them to have highly circuitous or inconvenient
~ access. However, these are not typical impacts of access management projects
~ and where they do occur, it is not uncommon for transportation agencies to
l compensate business owners for losses.
I 1 Business activitv: Access management projects alone do not appear to
I I increase or decrease business failure rates (6). This makes sense considering
I - that many factors other than highway access can affect business success.
I r. "Before and after" studies of businesses in Florida, Iowa, Minnesota, and
I Texas along highways where access has been managed found that the vast
majority of businesses do as well or better after the access management
I projects are completed. The turnover rate (the proportion of businesses that
., close or move out each year) of businesses in Iowa and Minnesota was studied
along newly access-managed corridors and was similar to or lower than that
of the surrounding area. For example:
I I
,
, I
I
Businesses affected by access management projects in Iowa tended to do at least as
I I well in terms of growth in retail sales, but usually better than those in surrounding
.
-
communities, after the projects were completed. Most of these Iowa business
.. proprietors said that sales were similar or greater following the completion of the
-- I
; projects. Only five percent reported a sales decrease (6).
,
"
- I Impact of Access Management on Retail Sales Growth Business Proprietors' Reported Sales Comparisons
- 1
" j 50%
it: 45%
Decreased
"'.1 1 40% 5%
-
, 35%
. 30%
I "'-
25%
-
I 20%
15% Same
53%
.... 10% Increased
5% 33%
l' 0% 8ua"....
I Ca. Study
I Comrnunltf.. Along
I Managed
Roadway.
"-- 1
I
[ . .
.....
5
,--~-...~_._._~-~-- ---. --....-.--.-.--- -,., -----..--- .---- -'--. -.---- --'".----.----- .-- ..---- -~'-'-- ---.---- ------.----_..-
.
Business owners report that the actual impacts
to their businesses were much less than they ~
anticipated. Most adverse impacts were due to
I
construction and not to access changes. "If iilV\-1:jH1~V\-g, OlAV' blA$~V\-e$$ !
Vliil$ ~V\-cV'eiil$ec( WVl~CVl veV'1:j
V\A.lACVl $lAv-pV'~$eci V\A.e."
- D. Stanley Tripp of Tripp's Auto Sales .
in Spencer, Iowa
,
Propertv values= Most property owners surveyed following an access r ..
management project do not report any adverse effect ofthe project on property I .. ~
values. Often, such projects can have a positive effect by cleaning up the I ["'"
.
patchwork of driveways and curb cuts. For example: .."
I ..
A study of property values on Texas More than 70% of the businesses impacted
corridors with access management by a project in Florida involving several ,-
projects found that land values median opening closures reported no
stayed the same or increased, with change in property value, while 13%
very few exceptions (7). reported some increase in value (8). !
I
A 2005 study of commercial A study of Kansas properties impacted
property values along a major access by access changes found that the I,
management project in Minnesota majority were suitable for the same -,
found that property values depend more types of commercial uses after the !
on the strength of the local economy access management project was I
and the general location of the property completed. This was true even for
in the metropolitan area; changes in businesses that had direct access before
access seemed to have little or no the project and access only via frontage
effect on the value of parcels (9). roads after project completion (10). .
- ' 0;..........__ ., ~ ~~.....~~It>v;..~ ".....>'t..,.,,-. -"',<' .".,..,.,...~
'I
.
I
Customers and deliveries: The majority of customers and truck *"
--
drivers surveyed in before-and-after studies have reacted positively to access 1- ~
management projects as improving both safety and traffic flow. Business
customers surveyed about access management projects in Iowa, Texas and I ~
Florida overwhelmingly supported the projects because their drive became i
..-
quicker, easier and safer (6). ".j
I
.
1
,
6
There are many access management techniques, each with a specific purpose
and different type of impact. One common type of access change is the
building of a median on a road or closing existing median openings. Another
common type of project is providing a frontage road or a rear service road
along a highway for access to businesses. Below is an overview of these
strategies, the types of issues or impacts associated with these projects, and
how you can work with the agency to adjust to these changes.
.
MEDIANS and MEDIAN OPENINGS
.. I
r
r A median is a grass or raised divider in the center of a road that separates
. opposing traffic and discourages or prevents vehicles from crossing the divider.
I "i
. ...
I
.
I ~ Openings in the median provide for different turning or crossing maneuvers,
I depending on how they are designed.
I . A directional median opening only allows certain
.;\ movements, usually a left-turn in or V-turn.
. Afull median opening allows all turning and crossing
I movements and is often signalized.
Where too many full median openings exist, agencies may reconstruct the
r - median and close the excess median openings.
I
I I
- -
~
~
- ..
I
II
Why use a median and not a two-way left turn lane:>>
Medians can have a profound effect on driver safety compared to two-
~ way left-turn lanes. Adding a median to a road that previously had a
continuous two-way left turn lane can reduce the crash rate about 37%
: and the injury rate about 48% (11). For example, when a continuous
two-way left turn lane was replaced with a median on Atlanta's
Memorial Drive, the crash rate was cut in half (12).
One reason a two-way left turn lane is less safe than a median is that a
driver who is turning left must be able to ensure that the traffic is clear
.... from two directions in multiple lanes. When this is not quite possible,
drivers will sometimes use a two-way left-turn lane in the middle of the
Conflicts and potential crashes road while attempting to merge into traffic. Such maneuvers can lead to
associated with continuous serious crashes and become more frequent as traffic volumes increase.
two~way left turn lanes
7 ,,~, ..,
, ------.-- --------~------ --- - -- --------- ---~-
I ,
Won't I lose customers if thev can't turn left into mv business anvmore:>>
The number of your customers making left turns into your business is likely
already very low during peak travel periods or if you are on a congested
roadway, This is because left turns into any business become increasingly
difficult as traffic volumes in the opposing lanes increase. I
Perhaps today your customers wait with appre~
hension to turn left as cars queue behind them,
or must shoot across a busy road to complete a .;
left turn out. A turn lane at a median opening or
signalized intersection will allow them to wait ~
I
safely to complete a V-turn when traffic clears, and I
L - - ~
that is truly a safer option on a busy road. In nH~t, r
27% the left-turn into and out of a driveway is less -
1 ·
safe than a V-turn and comprises the majority
47% of driveway crashes. Studies have shown that . ~,
I
making a U-turn at a median opening to get to the I f
Percentage of crashes by opposite side of a busy highway is about 25% safer
than a direct left turn from a side street or other I
driveway movement. I
access point (I 3). I
I
..
Surveys show that a majority of drivers have no problem making t
V-turns at median openings to get to businesses on the opposite side of
the road. Where direct left-turns are prohibited, studies show that motorists t
will change their driving or shopping patterns to continue patronizing specific ~ I
establishments. In fact, most drivers are reporting that access management r
improvements made the roads safer and that they approve of the changes, i
.
despite minor inconveniences associated with U-turns. i I
Some owners of drive-by businesses have
reported a loss of customers following a median "1SeWIAs,e of t!tle cles,LglI\, of t!tle YOClclS" I I
project or other change that has eliminated the t!tle t~VlILLlI\,g of t!tle tYClffLG S,LgII\,ClLs" CllI\,cI
left-turn-in opportunity (and less often left- t!tle WClt) t!tle tYClff~G ~s, bYORell\, IA-p, Lt !tlClS,
turn-out), although the majority do not. For I
example, a before-and-after study of a median beGoVllLe veYt) GOlI\,vell\,Lell\,t fOY -peo-pLe to
reconstruction project In Florida involving -pIALL LlI\,to Cl s,Clfe !tlClVell\" OY s,tOYClge LCllI\,e I
numerous median-opening closures found that wLt!tlLII\, t!tle YClLs,ecl VlILeclLCllI\" tClRe t!tleLy I
the majority of surveyed merchants, 68% hVllLe Cl II\,cI VlILCl Re Cl s,Clfe Cl II\,cI GOlI\,vell\,Lell\,t I
of the 96 respondents, reported little or DO IA-tIAYII\, to ClGGeS,S, -pYO-pevtLes, t!tlClt weye I
economic impact to their businesses, although - !
27% reported some type of loss (14). Generally, cOII\,GeYlI\,ecl ClbolAt t!tlGlt -pyobLeVllL."
businesses that feel they were adversely impacted - Kurt Easton, Executive Director of Merritt Island
also have competition nearby or may have Redevelopment Agency, Florida
experienced reduced visibility of signage.
1!,
..
...
I
8
.
III The decision on whether or not to signalize a median opening or access point
depends on many factors, including the volume of traffic using the access, the
I ! proximity of other traffic signals, and the potential impact on public safety
!
I .. and traffic congestion. Most signal warrants are related to traffic volumes, but
some consider school crossings, crash history, pedestrian crossings, "factory"
peaks, and other situations. Unwarranted signals cause undue delays as
i motorists wait at a red light while little or no cross traffic exists. Worse,
i ;; unwarranted signals may eventually be disobeyed or ignored by frustrated
motorists who are only one reckless incident away from causing an accident
" or emerging as a casualty themselves. For these reasons, median openings and
i I driveways should not be signalized where they do not meet the requirements
- - of a traffic signal study.
.
What about impacts on truck deliveries;'
I -
I The limited number of before- and-after studies have found that truck deliveries
I may be inconvenienced, at worst, but may in fact benefit from improved
I ... opportunities resulting from a change in access. And while the actual studies
,\
may be few, the anecdotal comments are many and favorable.
I
I 4 Merchant opinions of median changes Merchant and trucker opinions about a median
on Oakland Park Blvd., Florida project in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida
I
j
~ j
I
;
I .
.
~-
j
I
Hurt Truck Major Changes
-- Deliveries? in Business? Better Safety Better Traffic Favor Project
. 1 96 Merchants Responded
. "
..
. ..
.
I
I
. Alternative access through side streets, service roads, or internal connections
I - with neighboring developments helps increase accessibility on busy or
median separated roads - especially if the result allows several properties
. liit' access to a signal.
I . Minor roadway improvements, such as additional pavement on the shoulder,
I
r
'-- may be needed to accommodate V-turning traffic.
. Some trucks and large vehicles may need to take alternate routes as U-turns
~ can be difficult to negotiate.
I
I · Medians can be landscaped to enhance the image of an area and help attract
I ~
, f - investment and customers.
9
~- ------- -----_.- -~... --
I 1
FRONTAGE or SERVICE ROADS
I
Afrontage road is a type of service road that parallels a major
road or freeway and is located between the road and building sites
abutting the road. Service roads can also run behind businesses. \
.
'.. - - ...- -~..? -
The purpose of these roads is to provide lower-speed access to commercial
sites along a major roadway and to separate business traffic from higher-speed .
through traffic. Connections of frontage or service roads to side streets or onto
the highway must be well away from signalized intersections, so entering and ~
exiting traffic doesn't conflict with traffic queuing at signals.
\
,
Rear service roads providing access to highway commercial properties. A frontage road.
I \
I
Some sites may need to be given temporary access to the major roadway until ~ I
I the service road system is complete. This is typically needed when a service -- I
road is being constructed in segments through the development process, rather -
I than built by a transportation agency as part of a road construction project.
I Most agencies will require you to remove your temporary driveway and build
a driveway to the frontage or service road at a later time, so it's important to -
I design your site access and circulation to accommodate that change.
I Wl
,
.
I
I Frontage roads maintain good visibility for businesses along a major road I
and typically it is apparent how to enter and exit the road to get to a business. I
Points of entry can be signed to identify businesses that can be accessed ,
from that entrance, if it is not already apparent. It's a good idea to provide
signs where a service road or frontage road connects at a side street, I i,
so customers know they can obtain access to businesses that may not be . ~-
visible from the side street.
I
I
10 ,
I
I
I .
I I I
I
What are the other issues with frontage or service roadsP
0 . Service roads that run behind highway properties are often less
I disruptive to existing businesses than frontage roads, less costly for an
! agency, and more functional than a frontage road.
" . Rear service roads can provide access to businesses on each side and can
operate safely from both directions. Frontage roads provide access only to
businesses fronting on the highway and are much safer when designed for
one-way traffic.
.. . Additional right-of-way will be needed for the frontage or service road and
"'! for connecting a service road back to the highway or side street. If your site
~
, will be impacted, it is important to work with the agency on how to reduce
I adverse effects. For example, if your site becomes nonconforming under
-
\, local zoning regulations because of a smaller setback or other change, ask
r
I . the local agency if they will waive that status, given that it was caused by a
I government right-of-way taking.
I
I .::;
I
, ." .
I
j Regulate minimum Limit the number Establish standards
I spacing of median of access points for driveway width,
;
i openings and access per property, or driveway throat length
connections (driveways consolidating access and internal drive aisles
I 1 and street connections). points and encouraging to move traffic smoothly
l shared driveways. off of the adjacent street.
-
I 1
. Move access points Close or replace a
--......_Iiill Incorporate right-
, away from signalized and left-turn lanes full median opening
intersections and into roadways. with a directional
I freeway ramps,
opemng.
,-
1 Provide a service road Promote Install a median on an
I -J ~, j or parallel collector interconnection of undivided roadway or
I ~ 1 roads and side streets parking lots and replace a continuous
-
:i.I for site access along an unified on-site two-way left-turn lane
I
I , arterial roadway. circulation systems. with a median.
I
I r ~.
.
.
...........,
c
.
Lil
,--'-- ------- - - - --
I I
So whars the bonom line on access management;J
Efforts by government agencies to manage access in site
development and road projects can help businesses, even those "It VliIlS. beeV\, ill veYij -pos.~dve
operating on older highway corridors, in a variety of ways. Here th~v\'g iIlLL the WiIlij iIlYOUV\,LX,
are some specific benefits to you and your customers: fyoVVl the ewV\,oVVllG, ClV\,c;{ the
. Fewer roadway delays and better traffic flow will result,
which will preserve and possibly even enhance the GOVVlVVlUV\,ltij s.lc:tes.. We hClve
market reach of businesses in your corridor; lVVl-PYOvec;{ OUy tillX. bills.e, we VtClVe I
. Safer approaches to businesses result from installation of lVVl-PYOvec:t OUy tYClfflG -pyobLeVVl, I
medians, which can also be landscaped to improve the Cl V\,c:t -pLus. we hillve lVVl-PYOvec:t I
!
image ofthe area; OUY bUs.lV\,es.s. GOVVlVVlUV\,lttJ," I
. Properly designed entrances shared by multiple businesses
allow more site area for parking, more customer options - Chuck Fisher, Supt. Public Works I
to access your site, and improved landscaping or other site Ankeny, Iowa I
! amenities;
I . Service roads along the highway allow customers to enter and exit businesses .. -
I
conveniently and safely, away from faster moving through-traffic; "
. Internal connections between businesses allow customers to circulate I -
easily, without reentering a busy road; and/or I
. Driveways and service road entrances farther away from signalized
intersections allow easy access for customers, even during times of I'l
peak congestion. I
i
In brief, minimizing the number of curb cuts, consolidating driveways,
constructing landscaped medians, and coordinating internal site circulation and
parking among several businesses results in a visually pleasing and more functional I
corridor. That protects your investment in your business, the public investment in I
the roadway, and can even help attract new investment into the area. !
I
.. I
.~ I
~~ !
.... .,1>-. ,~:';": ". .,'~ ""V>~'.
.. ~ I
I
'=:I "TheYe Clye Cl Lot of belllUHflGCltLov\' -pyojeGts. I
gO~v\'g ov\" tyee -pLClV\,tlv\'gS. ClV\,c;{ WhClt hClve ijOU. I
I thlV\,R- the LCl V\,c;{S.GCl-PlV\,g ~V\, the VVlec;{lCl V\,s. hills. I
veYij VVlUGh Clc;{c;{ec;{ to the veYij v\'LGe c;{eWYUVVl of = I
'"' j
A v\'R-e v\'ij , It wlLL VVlCl R-e Cl V\,lGe lVVl-pyes.s.loV\, foy !=:
I
thos.e VLS.lHv\'g AV\,R-eV\,ij, 01' LLvlV\,g heye,"
- Andy Kasper, Iowa Realty, Ankeny, Iowa
I
~
12
I I
What can be done to keep mv business going during construction:-
There's no doubt about it, road construction can disrupt customers and drivers,
but there are ways adverse impacts can be minimized. Two key issues during
construction are maintaining open access to businesses for customers and
deliveries, and having sufficient sign visibility so your customers know you
are open, and know how to enter and exit your site during this period.
When your road is scheduled for reconstruction, your transportation agency
will initially notify you about what to expect in terms of traffic, duration of
construction, any foreseeable disruptions, and so on. It is important for you to
1 " respond to them about your special needs and concerns. Below are some of
1 "l"f' the things that you can ask of the agency:
i I - ... ..:
. Provide clear signs from the roadway to business entrances;
1 I
. Provide temporary and/or secondary business access points, where feasible;
I I . Schedule construction for after business hours or to occur during times
~ L of low usage for seasonally-oriented businesses;
..
I ~
\ I . Provide alternative parking, if possible and avoid taking or blocking
I
i I ,. parking spaces;
i . Stagger construction along a corridor so impacts are localized and
t staged;
I Expedite construction through incentive/disincentive programs;
.
I 11.,
. Avoid blocking business entrances with construction equipment or
I I construction barriers;
I
. . Establish a single point of contact in the agency about the construction
I I project to communicate with property and business owners and help
. I,
address issues that may arise;
. Provide regular project progress reports to business and property
owners.
I I
I - Business owners certainly may see drops
'I in gross revenues during construction. But YES, r
I these are not unlike drops you may routinely
I - experience during expansions, remodeling,
i seasonal variations, or other self-initiated WE ARE
" . management. Experience has shown that
i ,.
I ~ "construction" drops are temporary too, OPEN
I and that retail sales typically return to pre-
I ~
>> construction levels or greater. Research
I
1 findings from corridors in Texas indicate
! I
- that businesses did not change employment levels
...
I~ during construction periods. This finding indicates that retailers understand
that construction projects are a temporary and perhaps even an inevitable
1 -.: disruption to business, and that loyal patrons will return to stable businesses.
! .
, The same research found that gross revenues typically either returned to pre-
I construction levels or were higher after construction was complete (7).
I '1-. -.
I
I
i 13
r--- ----- --- --- ------ --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
I I I
How can I have a say in the access management project on mv road:J
Get involved! All government agencies are required to involve the public in
transportation policy and project decisions. Most state transportation agencies
I offer open house meetings during transportation project planning and design, ~
and both state and local government agencies conduct public meetings and I
I hearings when making important policy or regulatory changes that involve
I access management. Prospective business owners can also review area master I
I plans to research potential changes.
I
It is important for you as a stakeholder in an access management project to .
I
attend public meetings and hearings and to voice your ideas and concerns.
I
I
) ,
These meetings are opportunities for you to hear more about an access 1
.. i
management project or plan and to make the planners and engineers aware ~
.
of how it impacts your business. This might involve issues related to internal .
traffic circulation and parking, deliveries, plans for expansion, etc. Knowing ....
this information early in project planning or design allows them to make -::
~
better project decisions and can result in changes that reduce or avoid adverse I
impacts on your business. I
For example, many businesses depend on trucks for deliveries and other .
1 functions. Larger trucks are not typically able to make certain movements
(such as V-turns). It is important to work with agency staff to develop a plan I
I
that will accommodate truck access to your business in a manner as convenient
I as possible. Sometimes this will require that trucks follow a slightly different
i .
I route to arrive at the property. Project planners can work with you to assure
I that trucks will be able to access your business. This is just one of many ways I
I your input is important.
I I
,
,
I
I
Where can I go to learn more about access management:J
Hopefully this primer has answered some of the questions that you, as a business ~I
or property owner, may have. Your state or local transportation agency or your
state's Federal Highway Division office (on larger projects) are other excellent ~
-
:. !
resources to point you to the right project manager, or to answer your general 1
questions concerning access changes. These transportation agencies need and I i
value your input as they strive to provide a safe and efficient highway system. - I
..
For the latest information on access management or to order the latest Access
Management Library CD/DVD collection, go to www.accessmanagement.gov. .
Other important sources for information on the economic effects of access
management include the TRB Access Management Manual, and NCHRP ~.. -
Report 420: Impacts of Access Management Techniques, which are both
available from the Transportation Research Board at www.trb.org.
I
I
I
..
14
I , ,
References
I Gluck, J., H. Levinson and V. Stover, NCHRP Report 420: Impacts of Access
Management Techniques, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.: National
Academy Press, 1999.
2 Preston, H., et aL Statistical Relationship between Vehicular Crashes and Highway
Access, Minnesota Department of Transportation, Report MN-RC-1998-27, August
1998,
3 USA Today, Money, 5/6/2004,
4 Holland, R., Planning Against a Business Failure, ADC Info #24, University of
. Tennessee, October 1998.
5 Urban Land Institute, Shopping Center Development Handbook, Second Edition,
!""r ,", Washington D,C., 1985, p, 101.
l 6 Iowa State University, Iowa Access Management Research and Awareness Project, CTRE,
L ... 1997.
r -- 7 Eisele, W, and W. Frawley, A Methodology for Determining Economic Impacts of
Raised Medians: Data Analysis on Additional Case Studies, Research Report 3904-3,
I Texas Transportation Institute, College Station, Texas, October 1999.
~ :: 8 Vargas, F.A. and Y. Guatam, Problem: Roadway Safety vs, Commercial Development
I I
... . Access, ITE, Compendium of Technical Papers, 1989,
I .. 9 P1azak, D, and H. Preston, Long-Term Impacts of Access Management on Business
I and Land Development along Minnesota Interstate-394, Proceedings of the 2005 Mid-
~ Continent Transportation Research Symposium, CTRE - Iowa State University, 2005,
10 Rees, M., T. Orrick, and R, Marx, Police Power Regulation of Highway Access
and Traffic Flow in the State of Kansas, presentation, 79th Annual Meeting of the
~ . Transportation Research Board, Washington D,C., January 10,2000,
11 TRB Committee on Access Management, Access Management Manual, Transportation
I Research Board, 2003.
12 Parsonson, p" et aL, Effect on Safety of Replacing an Arterial Two-Way Left-TIirn
,
I Lane with a Raised Median, Proceedings of the First National Conference on Access
, Management, Federal Highway Administration, 1993,
I - 13 Lu, 1., et al., Methodology to Quantify the Effects of Access Management on Roadway
. I Operations and Safety, 3 volumes, prepared by the University of South Florida for the
."",- Florida Department of Transportation, 2001.
- 14 S/K Transportation Consultants, Inc" National Highway Institute Course No. 133078:
Access Management, Location and Design, April 2000,
.-
.,
.
..
"
f
!.I .
-
~
,
~
t- .. U.S. Department of Transportation
I'
Federal Highway Administration
. Office of Operations
I
i 400 Seventh Street, SW
,..........- Washington, DC 20590
www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/access_mgmt
. August, 2006
FHWA-HOP-06-107
EDL 14294